During the period of French colonization in Vietnam, in 1948, handmade artisanal banknotes were created by the exiled Vietnamese government led by Ho Chi Minh. These banknotes were crafted using local resources and techniques, as the country did not have access to the necessary infrastructure for producing formal banknotes. The artisanal banknotes were used to strengthen national identity and facilitate economic transactions within the areas controlled by the resistance movement.
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